Stainless steel is classified into four main types, including Austenitic, Ferritic, Duplex and Martensitic. In this content, we will explore with Hoa Giang Inox about Martensitic stainless steel, from its basic characteristics to its interesting applications!
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What is Martensite?
Martensite is a crystalline structure of steel that is extremely hard and durable. The name is taken from the name of the German metallurgist, Adolf Martens. The term “Martensite” can also refer to any crystal structure formed through a non-diffusion transformation process.
What is Martensite?
Martensitic Stainless Steel: Concepts and Production Process
Martensitic stainless steel is a form of stainless steel alloy with a Martensite crystal structure. Its characteristic is that it can be hardened and tempered through aging and heat treatment processes. This is one of four main stainless steel groups, including Austenitic, Ferritic, Duplex and Martensitic.
Characteristics of Martensitic stainless steel
Martensitic stainless steels have low or high carbon content depending on the type of steel in this group. The main ingredients include iron, from 12% to 17% chromium, and carbon from 0.10% (Type 410) up to 1.2% (Type 440C). The addition of elements such as B, Co, Nb, Ti in Martensitic stainless steel alloys can improve the properties, especially high temperature resistance and creep resistance.
Characteristics of Martensitic stainless steel
History of Martensitic Stainless Steel
In 1912, Harry Brearley of the Brown-Firth research laboratory in Sheffield, England, in his search for a corrosion-resistant alloy for gun barrels, discovered Martensitic stainless steel alloy. The discovery was announced two years later in The New York Times in January 1915 and was subsequently marketed by Firth Vickers in England under the brand name “Staybrite”.
Martensite’s microstructure, which is body-centered and tetragonal, was first observed by German microscopist Adolf Martens around 1890. In 1912, Elwood Haynes registered a patent for United States for Martensitic stainless steel alloys, although this patent was not issued until 1919.
Martensitic Steel Types and Chemical Composition
Martensitic Stainless Steel Lines
The Martensitic stainless steel group includes stainless steel lines such as SUS 410, 420, 430F, 440C, 431 and 630 (17-4PH), each of which offers unique properties and applications.
Chemical Composition of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Below is a detailed table of chemical composition of Martensitic steel lines:
| Dòng Thép | Crom (Cr) | Carbon (C) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) | Mangan (Mn) | Silicon (Si) | Nickel (Ni) |
| SUS 410 | 11.5-13.5 | 0.15-0.65 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 0.75 |
| SUS 420 | 12-14 | 0.15-0.40 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | – |
| SUS 430F | 16-18 | 0.12 max | ≤ 0.060 | ≤ 0.015 | ≤ 1.25 | ≤ 1.00 | – |
| SUS 440C | 16-18 | 0.95-1.20 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | – |
| SUS 431 | 15-17 | 0.20-0.25 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | 1.25-2.50 |
| SUS 630 | 15-17.5 | ≤ 0.07 | ≤ 0.040 | ≤ 0.030 | ≤ 1.00 | ≤ 1.00 | 3.00-5.00 |
Chemical Composition of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Here is some basic information about the chemical composition of Martensitic stainless steels, allowing us to better understand the properties of each type and their applications.
Application of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Martensitic stainless steel, with different variations depending on carbon content, has many diverse applications.
Martensitic Stainless Steel with Carbon Content Below 0.4%
Martensitic steels with a carbon content of less than 0.4% are commonly used for their mechanical properties in applications such as:
– Pumps and valves: With high hardness and durability, Martensitic steel can withstand pressure and friction in these machinery equipment.
– Shaft: The hardness and wear resistance of Martensitic steel make it the ideal choice for highly loaded components such as shafts in machinery equipment.
Martensitic Stainless Steel with Carbon Content Below 0.4%
Martensitic Stainless Steel with Carbon Content Above 0.4%
Martensitic stainless steels with carbon content higher than 0.4% are often used for wear resistance in applications such as:
– Surgical blades: The hardness and sharpness of Martensitic steel make it the top choice for creating surgical or cutting blades.
– Plastic injection molds: Martensitic steel’s high wear resistance helps it maintain the shape and precision of plastic injection molds through many production cycles.
– Nozzle: The corrosion and wear resistance of Martensitic steel makes it suitable for making nozzles in industrial applications.
Martensitic stainless steel with Carbon Content above 0.4%
Hopefully the information that Hoa Giang Stainless Steel shared above has brought new value and understanding to you about Martensitic Stainless Steel! If you have any questions about Martensitic Stainless Steel or need assistance in purchasing Martensitic Stainless Steel products, please contact us via:
Contact Hwayang Metal Industrial Corp
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